Even for the same inorganic material, the way it is made changes greatly depending on how the raw materials are mixed, which path the matter takes, and where it reacts and is deposited. In ① solid-state synthesis you add ethanol to the powders, grind and mix them, dry them and then calcine them, and watch a product layer grow from the contacts between particles. In ② solution synthesis (coprecipitation), you look at the key points of how ions mix in the solution and precipitate once it becomes supersaturated, and compare how calcination proceeds with the solid-state route. ③ and ④ are vapor routes. In ③ CVD, the source gas reacts chemically on the surface of the substrate and becomes a film; in ④ PVD, atoms ejected by evaporation or sputtering stick to the substrate and become a film. In every tab, the apparatus diagram at upper left, the magnified schematic of the interior at upper right, the graphs below and the readouts are all drawn from the same state.
Mochizuki Research Group, Tokyo University of Science | The diagrams of atoms, particles and molecules are schematic, and time is shown compressed. The numbers are calculated from a model that combines equations and values from the literature (with sources) and provisional values chosen for teaching (marked “(provisional)” or “schematic”). The procedures and reagent amounts in ① and ② follow the 2025 edition of the laboratory text for Materials Science Experiments (inorganic materials section) at the former Tokyo Institute of Technology (§6.1, §8.1, §8.2) and the lab course videos (A1–A3, B1–B4). Calcination is carried out in air (as instructed by Prof. Mochizuki, 2026-09-25). Detailed explanations, sources and points to confirm with Prof. Mochizuki are on the explanation page (in Japanese). Back to: Mochizuki Research Group Education — Inorganic Materials Science > Virtual Experiments / Inorganic Materials Science resources